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Q1: A 70 year old patient with chronic renal failure has been scheduled for a coronary angiography examination. Discuss the possible adverse reactions to the iodinated contrast media that the patient may encounter and how they can be prevented.
Essay structure in details:
Introduction:200 WORDS
Renal failure (General statement about the renal failure + Definition)
What is the coronary angiography (what is the purpose of it)
Contrast media (what is the purpose of it)Body1:350 WORDS
Chronic renal failure (what How why)Body 2:300 WORDS
Coronary angiography (what How why)Body3:350 WORDS
Iodinated Contrast Media (what is it types )
The most important factors in contrast media:Osmolality
Ionic or non-ionic
Strength
Viscosity
Chemotoxicity
Body 4: 300 WORDS
Discuss the possible adverse reactions to the iodinated contrast media that the patient may encounterMinor: Flushing-Nausea-Vomiting-Mild rash-Arm pain.
Moderate: More severe-urticaria Facial oedema-Hypotension-Bronchospasm
Severe: Hypotensive shock-Laryngeal oedema-Convulsions-Respiratory and cardiac arrestBody 5:300 WORDS
prevention methods of the adverse reactions:Compared with HOCM LOCM result in less nephrotoxicity but still can cause nephropathy.
The radiologist or cardiologist should use the smallest volume of contrast needed to obtain the imaging
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs should be discontinued before contrast exposure.Conclusion:200 WORDS
Summarise the key points
Recommendation (another imaging modality which is nuclear medicine) and (another contrast medium)”
